The Pulitzer Prize was established in 1917 through the will of Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher who wanted to promote excellence in journalism and the arts. While he is often remembered for 'yellow journalism' and his rivalry with William Randolph Hearst, Pulitzer’s legacy is now synonymous with the highest standards of integrity. The prizes are administered by Columbia University and cover 22 categories, including Fiction, History, Poetry, and Public Service in journalism. Winning a Pulitzer can instantly elevate an author's career, as seen with winners like Harper Lee for 'To Kill a Mockingbird.' It remains the most prestigious award for American literature and journalism, aiming to recognize work that captures the American experience.