Desmond Tutu was a South African Anglican bishop and theologian known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist. As the first Black Archbishop of Cape Town, he used his high profile to speak out against racial injustice and advocate for non-violent resistance. Tutu coined the term 'Rainbow Nation' to describe his vision of a post-apartheid South Africa. After the transition to democracy, he chaired the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which sought to address the atrocities of the past through a process of restorative justice. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 and remained a moral conscience for his country and the world until his death in 2021.