Socrates was a foundational Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He wrote no books; our knowledge of him comes through the writings of his students, most notably Plato. Socrates is best known for the 'Socratic Method,' a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas. He famously declared that 'the unexamined life is not worth living.' In 399 BC, he was brought to trial for 'corrupting the youth' and 'impiety' against the gods of Athens. Choosing to stay true to his principles rather than flee, he accepted the death penalty by drinking poisonous hemlock. His death made him a martyr for free thought and intellectual integrity, influencing ethical and political philosophy for over two millennia.