Ashoka the Great ruled the Mauryan Empire from approximately 268 to 232 BC, covering most of the Indian subcontinent. After witnessing the horrific slaughter during the Kalinga War, Ashoka underwent a profound spiritual transformation and converted to Buddhism. He famously renounced violence and issued the 'Edicts of Ashoka,' which were inscribed on rocks and monumental pillars throughout his empire. These edicts promoted 'Dharma' (righteousness), social welfare, religious tolerance, and animal rights. Ashoka sent missionaries to spread Buddhism across Asia, including to Sri Lanka and the Hellenistic kingdoms. His reign marked the first time most of India was unified under a single ruler and turned Buddhism from a small local sect into a major world religion. The 'Lion Capital of Ashoka' from Sarnath is now the national emblem of modern-day India.