Vietnam is located on the eastern edge of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It has a long, S-shaped coastline bordering the South China Sea. Hanoi is the capital, located in the north, while Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) is the largest city and economic hub in the south. Vietnam's geography is characterized by two major river deltas: the Red River Delta in the north and the Mekong Delta in the south. These deltas are separated by a long, narrow coastal strip and the Annamite Range of mountains. About 40% of Vietnam is mountainous. The country has a tropical monsoon climate, though the north experiences cooler winters. Vietnam is one of the world's leading exporters of coffee, rice, and black pepper. One of its most famous natural landmarks is Ha Long Bay, known for its thousands of limestone karsts and isles. The country has a rich history of resistance against colonial and foreign powers.