The Gupta Empire is often called the 'Golden Age of India' due to the unprecedented advancements in science, art, and philosophy that occurred during its reign. Under rulers like Chandragupta II, Indian scholars made breakthroughs that changed the world. Aryabhata, a famous mathematician-astronomer, proposed that the Earth revolves around its axis and accurately calculated the solar year. In mathematics, the concept of the decimal system and the use of zero as a placeholder were perfected, which would eventually be transmitted to the West via the Islamic world. This era also saw the composition of the Puranas and the final editing of the great epics, the Mahabharata and Ramayana. The period was marked by religious tolerance and the flourishing of Sanskrit literature, including the works of the poet Kalidasa, often referred to as the 'Shakespeare of India.'