Fact Finder - History

The Minoans, flourishing on the island of Crete, are often considered the first true civilization in Europe. They are famous for their massive 'palace' complexes, most notably the Labyrinth-like Palace of Knossos, which featured advanced plumbing, multi-story buildings, and vibrant frescoes. Minoan society was remarkably gender-balanced for the time; women are depicted in art as priestesses, athletes, and leaders. Their religion centered on a Mother Goddess and the sacred bull—leading to the later Greek myth of the Minotaur. They were a 'Thalassocracy' (sea-power), dominating Mediterranean trade until a series of natural disasters, including the massive volcanic eruption on the nearby island of Thera (Santorini), weakened them, eventually leading to their conquest by the Mycenaeans.