The Moche civilization flourished on the northern coast of Peru centuries before the Inca. They are known for their sophisticated irrigation systems and highly realistic ceramic portrait vessels. In 1987, the discovery of the 'Lord of Sipán' tomb provided a breakthrough in understanding their social hierarchy. This elite burial was found intact, containing a wealth of gold, silver, and turquoise ornaments, along with the remains of several attendants and animals meant to accompany the ruler into the afterlife. The Moche were also master builders, constructing the Huaca del Sol (Temple of the Sun), once the largest adobe structure in the Americas. Their art reveals a complex and often violent religious life, including ritual combat and human sacrifice, but also showcases an incredible level of craftsmanship in metallurgy and textile production that rivaled any contemporary civilization in the Old World.