For 'The Last Samurai,' Hans Zimmer used the shakuhachi, a traditional Japanese bamboo flute, to define the film's spiritual atmosphere. Historically, the shakuhachi was used by Zen Buddhist monks for meditation. Its breathy, haunting tone was used to represent the honor and quiet discipline of the legendary samurai characters. Unlike Western flutes, the shakuhachi allows the player to manipulate the sound to mimic the wind or a human sigh. Zimmer used this instrument to create an emotional connection between the American character and the Japanese culture. The shakuhachi’s organic, 'ancient' sound became a staple of the film’s legend, demonstrating how music can provide the moral and cultural foundation for a historical movie epic.