Dr. Robert Moog revolutionized music with the commercial introduction of the modular synthesizer. Unlike previous electronic instruments that were massive and difficult to use, Moog’s system utilized a piano-style keyboard and voltage-controlled oscillators. The breakthrough was the 'Moog Filter' (ladder filter), which gave the instrument a warm, organic, and punchy sound that became the foundation of electronic music. It gained mainstream fame through Wendy Carlos's 1968 album 'Switched-On Bach,' which showcased that synthesizers could play complex classical music with expression. Later, the Minimoog (1970) condensed the technology into a portable unit, allowing rock and jazz musicians to take electronic sounds on stage. This led to the rise of progressive rock and eventually synth-pop, hip-hop, and EDM. The Moog synthesizer turned electricity into a malleable artistic medium, allowing musicians to sculpt entirely new sounds from scratch.