Dorothy Hodgkin was a chemist whose genius for X-ray crystallography revealed the three-dimensional structures of essential biological molecules. She spent years meticulously mapping the atoms in penicillin, which allowed for its mass production. She later determined the structure of Vitamin B12 and, after 35 years of effort, the structure of insulin. Her work was a combination of advanced mathematics and chemistry, transforming how we understand and treat diseases like diabetes. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964, remaining the only British woman to win a Nobel in the sciences to this day.