Argentina’s first national census was launched on 1 January 1869. This effort was organized to gather demographic data in a country experiencing rapid change after decades of conflict and migration. The census counted population numbers, occupations, and living conditions across urban and rural areas. It offered leaders a clearer view of Argentina’s growing diversity, which included Indigenous communities, European immigrants, and Afro-Argentines. The results guided future public policy and infrastructure planning. The census became an important reference point for understanding the country’s social development. It marked a shift toward more modern administrative practices.
