On the same day as federation in 1901, the Australian Constitution formally came into effect. This legal step allowed the creation of a federal parliament, judiciary, and executive government. It established the roles of the Governor-General, Senate, and House of Representatives. The constitution also defined citizenship, trade powers, and state rights. Although amended over time, it remains the foundation of Australian law. The proclamation followed years of conventions and public referendums. It marked a peaceful transition to nationhood.
