On May 12, 1902, miners in the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania went on strike for better wages, shorter hours, and union recognition. The strike affected the fuel supply for homes and industries along the East Coast, since anthracite coal was widely used for heating. As the dispute dragged on, public concern grew over potential shortages the coming winter. President Theodore Roosevelt eventually intervened, inviting both sides to the White House for talks. A commission later recommended wage increases and shorter workdays, though it stopped short of full union recognition. The strike marked a rare example of presidential mediation in a labor conflict and influenced later labor relations.
