On April 12, 1981, NASA launched the space shuttle Columbia on mission STS-1. It was the first flight of the reusable shuttle system, carrying astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen. The shuttle concept combined rocket launch, orbital operations, and airplane-like landing. The mission tested the shuttle’s systems and heat protection during reentry. Columbia’s successful flight opened a new phase of U.S. space operations. The shuttle program later supported satellite deployment, scientific research, and construction of the International Space Station.
