One of Hollywood's darkest chapters began in 1947 when the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) launched an investigation into 'Communist infiltration' in the film industry. A group of ten screenwriters and directors, known as the 'Hollywood Ten,' refused to answer questions about their political affiliations, citing the First Amendment. They were jailed for contempt and blacklisted by every major studio. This led to a decade of fear where hundreds of artists were barred from work unless they 'named names' of other suspected Communists. Many blacklisted writers, like Dalton Trumbo, continued to work under pseudonyms; Trumbo even won two Oscars for 'Roman Holiday' and 'The Brave One' while using fake names. The blacklist finally began to crumble in 1960 when Trumbo was officially credited for 'Spartacus' and 'Exodus,' signaling a return to creative freedom.