Afghanistan
On January 14, 1929, King Amanullah Khan abdicated the Afghan throne after facing widespread rebellion against his modernization policies. His Western-inspired reforms, including women’s rights and educational changes, provoked conservative backlash. Rebels led by Habibullah Kalakani advanced toward Kabul, forcing Amanullah to relinquish power and flee to India. His abdication marked the end of one of Afghanistan’s most reformist monarchies. The event plunged the country into further political instability and paved the way for a brief but turbulent rule by Kalakani’s forces.
