On 17 May 2024, a gun attack in central Afghanistan’s Bamiyan Province resulted in the deaths of six people, including three Spanish nationals. The attacker was claimed by the Islamic State – Khorasan Province. The incident underscored ongoing security challenges in Afghanistan, affecting both local communities and foreign nationals. It also drew attention to minority Hazara regions (Bamiyan being a Hazara-majority area) and the broader issues of insurgent violence, foreign victims and regional instability.